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VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA

Aptitude

VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA -> IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE

I. CUBIOD
Let length = l, breadth = b and height = h units. Then,
1. Volume = (l x b x h) cubic units.
2. Surface area = 2 (lb + bh + lh)
II. CUBE
Let each edge of a cube be of length a. Then, 1. Volume = a³ cubic units.
2. Surface area = 6a² sq. units.
3. Diagonal = √3 a units.
III. CYLINDER
Let radius of base = r and Height (or length) = h Then,
1. Volume = (∏r²h) cubic units.
2. Curved surface area = (2∏rh) sq. units.
3. Total surface area = (2∏rh + 2∏r² sq. units)
= 2∏r (h + r) sq. units.
IV. CONE
Let radius of base = r and Height = h. Then,
1. Slant height, l = √h² + r ² units.
2. Volume = [1/3 ∏r²h] cubic units.
3. Total surface area = (∏rl + ∏r²) sq.units.
V. SPHERE
Let the radius of the sphere be r. Then,
1. Volume = [4/3 ∏r3] cubic units.
2. Surface area = (4∏r²) sq. units.
VI. HEMISPHERE
Let the radius of a hemisphere be r. Then,
1. Volume = [2/3 ∏r3] cubic units.
2. Curved surface area = (3∏r²) sq. units.
3. Total surface area = (3∏r²) sq. units.
Remember : 1 litre = 1000 cm³.

VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA -> SOLVED EXAMPLES

1. The diagonal of a cube is 6√3 cm. Find its volume and surface area.
  Sol. Let the edge of the cube be a.
∴ √3a = 6 √3 ⇒ a = 6.
So, Volume = a³ = (6 * 6 * 6) cm³ = 216 cn³
Surface area = 6a² = (6 * 6 * 6) cm² = 216 cm²
2. Find the volume and surface area of a cuboid 16m long, 14m broad and 7m high.
  Sol. Volume = (16 * 14 * 7) m³ = 1568 m³
Surface area = [2 (16 * 14 + 14 * 7 + 16 * 7)] cm² = (2 * 434) cm²
= 868 cm².
3. If the capacity of a cylindrical tank is 1848 m³ and the diameter of its base is 14m, then find the depth of the tank.
  Sol.Let the depth of the tank be h metres. then,
∏ * (7)² * h = 1848 ⇔ h = [1848 * 7/22 * 1/7*7] = 12 m.
4. How many iron rods, each of length 7m and diameter 2cm can be made out of 0.88 cubic metre of iron?
  Sol. Volume of 1 rod = [22/7 * 1/100 * 1/100 * 7] cu. m = 11/5000 cu.m.
Volume of iron = 0.88 cu. m.
Number of rods = [0.88 * 5000/11] = 400.
5. A cube of edge 15 cm is imersed completely in a rectangular vessel containing water. If the dimensions of the base of vessel are 20 cm * 15 cm, find the rise in waer level.
  Sol. Increase in volume = Volume of the cube = (15 * 15 * 15) cm³.
∴ Rise in water level = [Volume/Area] = [15 * 15 * 15/20 * 15] cm = 11.25 cm.
6. How many spherical bullets can be made out of a lead cylinder 28 cm high and with base radius 6 cm, each bullet being 1.5 cm ub duaneter?
  Sol. Volume of cylinder = (∏ * 6 * 6 * 28) cm³ = (36 * 28) ∏ cm³.
Bolume of each bullet = [4/3 ∏ * 3/4 * 3/4 * 3/4] cm³ = 9∏/16 cm³.
Number of bullets = Volume of cylinder / Volume of each bullet
= [(36 * 28)∏ * 16/9∏] = 1792.

VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA -> EXERCISE

19. A cone of height 7 cm and base radius 3 cm is carved from a rectangular block of wood 10 cm * 5 cm * 2 cm. The percentage of wood wasted is :
 
  • A. 26 %
  • B. 28 %
  • C. 32 %
  • D. 34 %
Ans: D.
Sol.
Volume of the block = (10 * 5 * 2)cm³ = 100 cm³
Volume of the cone carved out = [1/3 * 22/7 * 3 * 3 * 7] cm³
= 66 cm³
∴ Wood wasted = (100 - 66)% = 34%.
 
20. The slant height of a conical mountian is 2.5 km and the area of its base is 1.54 km². The height of the mountain is:
 
  • A. 2.4 km
  • B. 2.6 km
  • C. 4.5 km
  • D. 5.4 km
Ans: A.
Sol.
Let the radius of the base be r km. Then,
∏r² = 1.54 ⇒ r² = [1.54 * 7 / 22] = 0.49 ⇒ r = 0.7 km.
Now, l = 2.5 km, r = 0.7 km.
∴ h = √(2.5)² = (0.7)² km = √6.25 - 0.49 km
= √5.76 km = 2.4 km.
 
 
21. The slant height of a right circular cone is 10 m and its height is 8 m. Find the area of its curved surface.
 
  • A. 30∏ m²
  • B. 40∏ m²
  • C. 50∏ m²
  • D. 60∏ m²
Ans: D.
Sol.
l = 10 m, h = 8. So, r = √l² - h² = √(10)² - 8² = 6 m.
∴ Curved surface area = ∏rl = (∏ * 6 * 10) m² = 60∴ m²